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The Pyramid of Djoser, or step pyramid at Sakkara necropolis outside Cairo, was built nearly 5,000 years ago in the 27th century BC. It is considered to be the earliest large-scale cut stone construction, and use of columns. A portion of the limestone wall, polished by winds of centuries, is remarkably intact.

Step pyramid from nearly 5,000 years ago at Sakkara necropolis on the edge of the Sahara outside Cairo
1990